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The recommended approach for calculating a breakthrough dose of parenteral medication involves considering the patient's ongoing needs for pain management and the speed at which relief is required. In situations where patients are experiencing breakthrough pain, the objective is to provide rapid relief. Administering a dose that is 50% to 100% of the hourly rate every 15 minutes allows for timely intervention, ensuring that the patient does not have to endure prolonged discomfort.

This dosing strategy is effective in managing sudden spikes in pain that may not be adequately covered by regular dosing alone. It is designed to be responsive to the patient's needs, allowing for adjustments based on their level of pain and the effectiveness of treatment. Additionally, the short interval of 15 minutes helps to quickly assess the medication's impact, making it easier for healthcare providers to optimize pain control.

Other options presented do not align with the expectation for quick intervention required in breakthrough pain management. Alternatives that suggest longer intervals or lesser percentages may not adequately support the urgent need for pain relief that breakthrough dosing is intended to address.